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Drone Contractor in his native environment |
Reporting
from Washington — After a U.S. airstrike mistakenly killed at least 15
Afghans in 2010, the Army officer investigating the accident was
surprised to discover that an American civilian had played a central
role: analyzing video feeds from a Predator drone keeping watch from
above.
The contractor had overseen other analysts at Air Force
Special Operations Command at Hurlburt Field in Florida as the drone
tracked suspected insurgents near a small unit of U.S. soldiers in
rugged hills of central Afghanistan. Based partly on her analysis, an
Army captain ordered an airstrike on a convoy that turned out to be
carrying innocent men, women and children.
"What company do you work for?" Maj. Gen. Timothy McHale demanded of
the contractor after he learned that she was not in the military,
according to a transcript obtained under the Freedom of Information Act.
"SAIC," she answered. Her employer, SAIC Inc., is a publicly traded
Virginia-based corporation with a multiyear $49-million contract to help
the Air Force analyze drone video and other intelligence from
Afghanistan.
America's growing drone operations rely on hundreds
of civilian contractors, including some — such as the SAIC employee —
who work in the so-called kill chain before Hellfire missiles are
launched, according to current and former military officers, company
employees and internal government documents.
Relying on private
contractors has brought corporations that operate for profit into some
of America's most sensitive military and intelligence operations. And
using civilians makes some in the military uneasy.
At least a
dozen defense contractors that supply personnel to help the Air Force,
special operations units and the CIA fly their drones are filling a
void. It takes more people to operate unmanned aircraft than it does to
fly traditional warplanes that have a pilot and crew.
The Air
Force is short of ground-based pilots and crews to fly the drones,
intelligence analysts to scrutinize nonstop video and surveillance
feeds, and technicians and mechanics to maintain the heavily used
aircraft.
"Our No. 1 manning problem in the Air Force is manning
our unmanned platforms," said Gen. Philip M. Breedlove, Air Force vice
chief of staff. Without civilian contractors, U.S. drone operations
would grind to a halt.
About 168 people are needed to keep a
single Predator aloft for 24 hours, according to the Air Force. The
larger Global Hawk surveillance drone requires 300 people. In contrast,
an F-16 fighter aircraft needs fewer than 100 people per mission.
With a fleet of about 230 Predators, Reapers and Global Hawks, the Air
Force flies more than 50 drones around the clock over Afghanistan and
other target areas. The Pentagon plans to add 730 medium and large
drones in the next decade, requiring thousands more personnel.
The Air Force is rushing to meet the demand. Under a new program, drone
pilots get 44 hours of cockpit training before they are sent to a
squadron to be certified and allowed to command missions. That compares
with a minimum of 200 hours' training for pilots flying traditional
warplanes. MORE
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